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Modification and characterization of montmorillonite fillers used in composites with vulcanized natural rubber
Hrachová, Jana, Chodák, Ivan and Komadel, Peter Modification and characterization of montmorillonite fillers used in composites with vulcanized natural rubber Chemical Papers, Vol.63, No. 1, 2009, 55-61
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Document type:
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Článok z časopisu / Journal Article |
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Collection:
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Chemical papers
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| Author(s) |
Hrachová, Jana
Chodák, Ivan
Komadel, Peter
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| Title |
Modification and characterization of montmorillonite fillers used in composites with vulcanized natural rubber
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| Journal name |
Chemical Papers
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| Publication date |
2009
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| Year available |
2009
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| Volume number |
63
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| Issue number |
1
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| ISSN |
0366-6352
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| Start page |
55
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| End page |
61
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| Place of publication |
Poland
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| Publisher |
Versita
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| Collection year |
2009
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| Language |
english
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| Subject |
250000 Chemical Sciences
250200 Inorganic Chemistry
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| Abstract/Summary |
Parent Ca-montmorillonite (Jelšový Potok, Slovakia, Ca-JP) and Na-montmorillonite Kunipia-F (Japan, Na-KU) were ion-exchanged with octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA) cations. Characteristics of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermogravimetry (TG). Surface areas were measured by sorption of N2 and ethyleneglycol monoethyl ether. Scanning electron microscopy photographs (SEM) were used to characterize the texture of samples. The XRD patterns show that, upon intercalation, the basal spacing of montmorillonite is expanded and corresponds to the pseudotrimolecular arrangement of organic cations in the interlayers. The IR spectra of organically modified montmorillonite show C-H stretching and bending bands of both CH3 and CH2 groups in the 3000–2800 cm−1 and 1500–1400 cm−1 region, respectively. Modification of montmorillonite by organic cations decreased the hydrophilicity of their mineral surface and adsorbed water evaporated at lower temperatures. The SEM photographs reveal a tendency towards lump formation and agglomeration of the ODTMA-montmorillonite particles. The modification introducing organic moiety lead to a substantial decrease in the surface area of both montmorillonites; however, it remained remarkably high, being at the level typical for silica. Completely characterized fillers were used to prepare rubber compositions with enhanced physical properties, as described in Hrachová et al. (2008).
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